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ADR can also be recorded without showing the actor the image they must match, but by having them listen to the performance, since some actors believe that watching themselves act can degrade subsequent performances. The process may be recorded on location, with mobile equipment.

The ADR process does not always take place in a post-production studio. Multiple takes are recorded and the most suitable take becomes the final version, or portions of multiple takes may be edited together. ADR is recorded during an ADR session, which takes place in a specialized sound studio. During post-production, a supervising sound editor, or ADR supervisor, reviews all of the dialogue in the film and decides which lines must be re-recorded. In conventional film production, a production sound mixer records dialogue during filming. Later, video tape and then digital technology replaced the film loops and the process became known as automated dialogue replacement (ADR). Loading and reloading the film loops while the talent and recording crew stood by was a tedious process. This was known as 'looping' or a 'looping session'. For each scene the loop would be played over and over while the voice actor performed the lines trying to synchronize them to the filmed performance. In the early days of talkies, a loop of film would be cut and spliced together for each of the scenes that needed to be rerecorded, then one-by-one the loops would be loaded onto a projector. Īutomated dialogue replacement ( ADR) is the process of re-recording dialogue by the original actor (or a replacement actor) after the filming process to improve audio quality or make changes to the originally scripted dialog. Ravi Shankar dubs over the original performance of Vijay Sethupathi. Methods Įxample of ADR for the Telugu-language film Uppena. Use of dubbing meant that multi-national casts could be assembled and were able to use their preferred language for their performances, with appropriate post-production dubs being carried out before distributing versions of the film in the appropriate language for each territory. In Western Europe after World War II, dubbing was attractive to many film producers as it helped to enable co-production between companies in different countries, in turn allowing them to pool resources and benefit from financial support from multiple governments. First post- WWII movie dub was Konstantin Zaslonov (1949) dubbed from Russian to the Czech language. In post-Nazi Germany, dubbing was used to downplay events in the country's recent past, as in the case of the dub of Alfred Hitchcock's Notorious, where the Nazi organisation upon which the film's plot centres was changed to a drug smuggling enterprise. In authoritarian states such as Fascist Italy and Francoist Spain, dubbing could be used to enforce particular ideological agendas, excising negative references to the nation and its leaders and promoting standardised national languages at the expense of local dialects and minority languages. In many countries dubbing was adopted, at least in part, for political reasons. In foreign distribution, dubbing is common in theatrically released films, television films, television series, cartoons, and anime. 3.6.2 United States and English-speaking Canadaįilms, videos, and sometimes video games are often dubbed into the local language of a foreign market.3.4.1 Kids/family films and programming.

The voice work would still be part of the creation process, thus being considered the official voice. When a voice is created from scratch for animations, the term 'original voice' is always used because, in some cases, this media is partially finished before the voice is implemented. The term 'dubbing' is only used when talking about replacing a previous voice, usually in another language. Outside the film industry, the term 'dubbing' commonly refers to the replacement of the actor's voices with those of different performers speaking another language, which is called 'revoicing' in the film industry.

Dubbing is sometimes confused with ADR, also known as 'additional dialogue replacement', 'automated dialogue recording' and 'looping', in which the original actors re-record and synchronize audio segments. After sound editors edit and prepare all the necessary tracks-dialogue, automated dialogue replacement (ADR), effects, Foley, and music-the dubbing mixers proceed to balance all of the elements and record the finished soundtrack. The process usually takes place on a dub stage. Dubbing ( re-recording and mixing) is a post-production process used in filmmaking and video production, often in concert with sound design, in which additional or supplementary recordings are lip-synced and 'mixed' with original production sound to create the finished soundtrack.

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